Biofabrication is based on a relatively new method known as ‘3D bioprinting.’ This procedure begins with an architectural design based on the composition of the bone tissue. This design is then sent into a bioprinter, which deposits tiny layers of cells, nutrients, and matrix components in order to progressively build up and form bone tissues. The matrix components are essential to support and protect cells throughout the vertical construction of the tissue, as well as to fill empty spaces within the tissue.

As a result, it can be employed in a variety of applications. A 3D composite scaffold is one of the most advanced alternatives to bone substitutes since it allows cells to manage their microenvironment, proliferate, and migrate during the formation of new bone. Various organic and inorganic biomaterials may be combined or used alone to create an appropriate bone scaffold. These osteoconductive scaffolds can be modified using a variety of cell- or growth factor-based tissue engineering approaches to stimulate osteogenesis and to provide osteoinductive properties.